Granite quarrying requirements and characteristics

The basic requirements and characteristics of granite mining lie in the extraction from the ore body of a complete block of stone that meets the requirements of certain specifications and has no cracks -- waste materials. Mining working face layout, the choice of the development mode of transportation, to give full consideration to the stratification of the ore bodies, joints and cracks, try to avoid their adverse impacts on the production, to ensure that large pieces of waste material produced.
In granite mining, first of all, the first mining area should be selected according to resource conditions and market demands, and the mining boundary, production scale and working system should be determined. Mining is carried out on the basis of comprehensive analysis of natural environment, economic and technological conditions. The mining process can be divided into exploitation transportation, stripping and mining.
The mined mountain shall peel off the covering layer, weathering layer, interlayer, surrounding rock and broken part of the ore with no mining value.
(1) Granite quarrying methods
Basic stone mining procedures: separation, segmentation and shaping. Machine selection: diamond wire saw machine
1) separation process: commonly used methods include split separation, drilling blasting separation, flame cutting separation and combined separation.
Split separation: several iron wedges can be directly driven into rock mass at a certain distance, so that the rock mass can produce cracks as needed. This method is suitable for small-scale mines with low cost but low efficiency. Another method is the separation of drilling expansion agent, water blending expansion agent, pumping has been drilled eye, use of expansive agent hydration expansion force of rock burst, this method is simple, safe, but the efficiency is low.
Flame cutting separation: the flame cutting machine nozzle high-speed flame, heat shock rock, due to different minerals in the rock of different thermal, therefore produce blowout spalling, gradually form separation groove. This method is only applicable to rocks with high quartz content, small thermal capacity and poor thermal conductivity, such as granite, diorite and orthoclase.
Drilling and blasting separation: the drill on the rock mass good eye, according to the need to load the blasting materials (currently used gunpowder, burners, detonating cord), controlled blasting, the method of high efficiency, wide application, but the use of explosive force should be strictly controlled to avoid harmful cracks.
2) segmentation procedure: turn over the SPAR (or SPAR) separated from the rock mass by a spreader (or SPAR), and then divide the SPAR into the required waste material according to the crack law and waste material specifications.
3) plastic surgery procedure: the raw materials have been cut up. If they do not meet the requirements, they need plastic surgery. Often used hammer drill or plastic machine to remove the waste material surplus parts, so that its smooth, neat corners.


1: fire drilling method
The method of fire drilling discussed here is to use flame cutting, to cooperate with manual drilling and drainage hole of handheld rock drill, and to control blasting granite mining with blasting rope. The mining technology and process flow of fire drilling are as follows: the mining method of fire drilling is the basic method of granite mining in China, and it is also the most widely used granite mining method. Drilling and mining method of fire the main mining process similar to artificial mining method, in order to make it easier to separate body and the separation of the ore bodies and reliable, increased use a flame cutting machine to separate body and orebody of a junction surface cutting separate fire cutting process, make separate body and ore body is only a vertical and a horizontal base connection. In the subsequent blasting separation of the separation body, a state of double-sided controlled blasting is formed, which makes the separation operation easier and more reliable. In addition to a surface fire separation of the separation body, other processes are the same as the manual mining methods described above.


2: manual rock drill beaded saw mining method
The artificial rock drill string saw mining method discussed here is to use the diamond string saw with the hand-held rock drill to drill and drill holes and control the blasting mining method with the guide wire.
The process flow of artificial rock drilling with beaded saw mining method and artificial rock drilling with beaded saw mining method are advanced mining methods to replace the method of burning rock drilling to mine granite.
In addition to the separation and cutting process of the separation body, the subsequent process of the mining process is the same as that of the fire drilling. Saw this mining method, the beads instead of flame cutting machine cutting separate body and ore body connection of a surface, in order to facilitate compared with fire drilling and mining method, we only introduce the diamond beads saw cutting of the separation of body vertical face, manual operation jap in separation of vertical and Horizontal drill hole on the bottom on the back, the combination of detonating cord double controlled blasting, the method of separation of separation from the ore body.
In addition, beaded saw can be used to cut horizontal bottom surface, and double-sided blasting is used to separate the other two vertical surfaces. It is also possible to use beaded saw to cut vertical end face and horizontal bottom face, and to separate the remaining vertical back by single-side blasting. If the condition allows even saw can also use the beads will be connected to the ore bodies of three of the separation of body and all cut separation, and then using artificial hole drilling combined with controlled blasting method will separate the dissolution of the mining method.

3: diamond wire saw full saw cutting mining for granite quarrying
Discussed here saw diamond beads for the sawing method refers to the separation of body and ore separation, the separation of body collapse, waste plastic was done by beaded saw cutting, similar to the exploitation of marble mines.
Diamond beaded saw full saw cutting production process and technical requirements
As long as the mining cost is acceptable, diamond beaded saw sawing is the best way to mechanize granite mining.
Diamond beaded saw was used to separate and cut all three connecting surfaces between the separation body and the ore body. Use a special pneumatic push bag that can be inserted into the beaded rope saw seam to push the separation body out of the ore body, and then turn the separation body over with the help of the excavator, loader or slow-moving hoist. Bead saw is still used to disassemble the separation body and cut six surfaces of the waste materials. In order to reduce production costs, under the right conditions, can also be used manually operated hand-held rock drill hole drilling, expansion agent (expansive cement) or large diameter disk saw machine for plastic waste material processing; With the help of excavators, loaders, derrick cranes or slow-moving rollers, the finished waste material will be moved to the waste material storage yard of the mining surface and loaded and transported out by car. The movement of beaded saw at different cutting positions in the stope is also accomplished by excavator or loader.

4: the circular saw beaded saw group is legally exploited
At present, in some granite mines in China, the mining method of horizontal surface of disk-saw-type waste material cutting stone combined with manual rock drilling wedge is successfully used. In order to facilitate comparing with the front several mining methods, so the saws for cutting stone level floor instead of artificial diamond beads drilling wedge splitting separation stone level, is another kind of sawing mining method.
Disk saw beads saw groups of legal mining technology method, the earliest use of this mining method in fujian province in China, is the direct use of waste material of disk saw in ore body in a vertical plane cutting stone cutting machine, horizontal plane using artificial wedge splitting separation and half mechanical mining method, using the beaded saw cutting stone base level, replace artificial wedge splitting separation, this method is suitable for the ore body full of small and medium-sized mechanical mining granite mining.
Sawing disk saw beads combination method, are the main processes of separation by diamond beads saw cutting of the separation of body level bottom, disk saw type on a separate body stone is a stone cutting machine according to the specifications of the waste material, under the condition of avoiding crack, the separation into sawing into a block. The following equipment displacement hoisting, the displacement, hoisting and transportation of waste materials are the same as the mining methods described above.
5: beaded saw mining method of bench drill
Bench drill beaded saw mining method is to replace manual operation jap, and flame cutting machine, advanced mining granite mining method, this method of combined mining began in the early ninety s, as used in the exploitation of cutting granite diamond beads rope technical performance improvement, production cost is reduced, now he has become the most widely used, international recognized as the best way to mechanized mining granite. In Spain, South Africa, Brazil, India and other large countries producing granite waste materials, this mining method is very popular, has become the basic method of mechanized granite mining.
Beaded saw mining technology of bench drill is introduced
Bench drill beaded saw mining technology and mining method of artificial drilling beaded saw the same mining method, only use drill machine instead of manual operation of hand-held rock drill drill hole, all the same.
According to the number of the interface between the diamond beaded saw and the ore body, the mining is divided into three schemes to calculate the cost. Solution 1: beaded saw only cuts the vertical end face of the separation body. Scheme 2: beaded saw cutting the horizontal bottom and vertical end of the separation body. Scheme 3: beaded saw cuts and separates the three connecting surfaces of the separation body and the ore body. All beaded saws cutting to separate body and the junction surface of the ore bodies, as well as the subsequent separation of the collapse of the body and waste plastic material, adopt a drifter drill hole, and the combination of detonating cord to control blasting method to implement operations.

(2) Granite quarrying technical requirements
Under normal conditions, when the production stripping ratio is around 0.3, the lowest economic wastage rate of granite ore is 15-25%.
(1) when mobile crane is adopted for the step height of mining field, the step height is 4-6m; Using a small mast crane, the step height is less than or equal to 14m; Large mast crane, step height less than or equal to 62m.
Step slope Angle is 90 ° commonly, the final slope Angle according to the condition of rock stability.
(2) the width of the SPAR is generally 1 ~ 3m, depending on the performance of the mining equipment, the specifications of the waste materials and the crack conditions.
(3) the length of working face is generally 5 ~ 15m; The mining of flame cutting machine is generally 15-20m.
Minimum working platform width: generally 20 ~ 25m.